Coding conventions

Coding conventions are a set of guidelines that help to ensure efficiency and consistency in API usage and clarity and consistency in API naming. If you following the usage conventions in your code, you are less likely to experience problems such as runtime exceptions. If you adhere to the naming conventions, any methods, functions, constants, or other symbols that you declare will be better understood by developers who need to work with your code.

The methods defined in Cocoa frameworks—for example, Foundation, AppKit, and UIKit—behave in certain ways in different circumstances. For example:

• Methods that return objects typically return nil if they cannot create or find the object. They do not directly return a status code.

• Methods that perform an operation return a Boolean value to indicate success or failure.

• If a method takes a collection object—that is, an NSArray, NSDictionary, or NSSet object—as an argument, do not specify nil to indicate “default” or “no value”; instead, pass in an empty collection object.

• If you are explicitly managing program memory, follow the guidelines and practices for memory management.

Here is a sampling of API naming conventions:

• Clarity and brevity are both important, but clarity should never be sacrificed for brevity.

• Avoid names that are ambiguous.

• Use verbs in the names of methods or functions that represent actions.

• Use prefixes for class names and for symbols associated with the class, such as functions and data types.